CWE-1039
Inadequate Detection or Handling of Adversarial Input Perturbations in Automated Recognition Mechanism
The product uses an automated mechanism such as machine learning to recognize complex data inputs (e.g. image or audio) as a particular concept or category, but it does not properly detect or handle inputs that have been modified or constructed in a way that causes the mechanism to detect a different, incorrect concept.
CVE-2023-20071 (GCVE-0-2023-20071)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-11-01 17:07
Modified
2024-08-02 08:57
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-1039 - Automated Recognition Mechanism with Inadequate Detection or Handling of Adversarial Input Perturbations
Summary
Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in the Snort detection engine that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured policies on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to a flaw in the FTP module of the Snort detection engine. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted FTP traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass FTP inspection and deliver a malicious payload.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ► | Cisco | Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software |
Version: 6.2.3 Version: 6.2.3.1 Version: 6.2.3.2 Version: 6.2.3.3 Version: 6.2.3.4 Version: 6.2.3.5 Version: 6.2.3.6 Version: 6.2.3.7 Version: 6.2.3.8 Version: 6.2.3.10 Version: 6.2.3.11 Version: 6.2.3.9 Version: 6.2.3.12 Version: 6.2.3.13 Version: 6.2.3.14 Version: 6.2.3.15 Version: 6.2.3.16 Version: 6.2.3.17 Version: 6.2.3.18 Version: 6.6.0 Version: 6.6.0.1 Version: 6.6.1 Version: 6.6.3 Version: 6.6.4 Version: 6.6.5 Version: 6.6.5.1 Version: 6.6.5.2 Version: 6.6.7 Version: 6.6.7.1 Version: 6.4.0 Version: 6.4.0.1 Version: 6.4.0.3 Version: 6.4.0.2 Version: 6.4.0.4 Version: 6.4.0.5 Version: 6.4.0.6 Version: 6.4.0.7 Version: 6.4.0.8 Version: 6.4.0.9 Version: 6.4.0.10 Version: 6.4.0.11 Version: 6.4.0.12 Version: 6.4.0.13 Version: 6.4.0.14 Version: 6.4.0.15 Version: 6.4.0.16 Version: 6.7.0 Version: 6.7.0.1 Version: 6.7.0.2 Version: 6.7.0.3 Version: 7.0.0 Version: 7.0.0.1 Version: 7.0.1 Version: 7.0.1.1 Version: 7.0.2 Version: 7.0.2.1 Version: 7.0.3 Version: 7.0.4 Version: 7.0.5 Version: 7.1.0 Version: 7.1.0.1 Version: 7.1.0.2 Version: 7.1.0.3 Version: 7.2.0 Version: 7.2.0.1 Version: 7.2.1 Version: 7.2.2 Version: 7.2.3 Version: 7.3.0 Version: 7.3.1 Version: 7.3.1.1 |
||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
{
"containers": {
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{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T08:57:35.845Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
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"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-snort-ftd-zXYtnjOM",
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-snort-ftd-zXYtnjOM"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
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{
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"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.2"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.4"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.5"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.6"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.7"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.17"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3.18"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.0.1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.5.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.2"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.4"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.5"
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{
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{
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"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.11"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.12"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.13"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.15"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4.0.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.7.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.1.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.1.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.1.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.2.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.3.1.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "N/A"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Cisco Cyber Vision",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Cisco UTD SNORT IPS Engine Software",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.12.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.7a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "16.6.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.2.1r"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.4a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.3.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.17.0S"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.17.1S"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.4.1b"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.5.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.10.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.2a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.9.3a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.8.1a"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Fuji-16.9.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Denali-16.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Denali-16.3.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Denali-16.3.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Denali-16.3.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Denali-16.3.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Everest-16.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Everest-16.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "Everest-16.6.2"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in the Snort detection engine that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured policies on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to a flaw in the FTP module of the Snort detection engine. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted FTP traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass FTP inspection and deliver a malicious payload."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1039",
"description": "Automated Recognition Mechanism with Inadequate Detection or Handling of Adversarial Input Perturbations",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-25T16:57:41.206Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-snort-ftd-zXYtnjOM",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-snort-ftd-zXYtnjOM"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-snort-ftd-zXYtnjOM",
"defects": [
"CSCwb69096",
"CSCwd83613",
"CSCwd09631",
"CSCwe02137",
"CSCwe57521"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-20071",
"datePublished": "2023-11-01T17:07:44.528Z",
"dateReserved": "2022-10-27T18:47:50.328Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T08:57:35.845Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-26644 (GCVE-0-2025-26644)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-08 17:23
Modified
2025-06-04 17:53
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-1039 - Automated Recognition Mechanism with Inadequate Detection or Handling of Adversarial Input Perturbations
Summary
Automated recognition mechanism with inadequate detection or handling of adversarial input perturbations in Windows Hello allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.
References
| ► | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ► | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.7136 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
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{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-26644",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-08T20:05:17.583727Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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],
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{
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"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 10 Version 1809",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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{
"lessThan": "10.0.17763.7136",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.17763.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
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},
{
"platforms": [
"x64-based Systems"
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"product": "Windows Server 2019",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.17763.0",
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"platforms": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.17763.0",
"versionType": "custom"
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]
},
{
"platforms": [
"32-bit Systems",
"ARM64-based Systems",
"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 10 Version 21H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.19044.5737",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.19044.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
"ARM64-based Systems",
"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 11 version 22H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.22621.5189",
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"version": "10.0.22621.0",
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}
]
},
{
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"x64-based Systems",
"ARM64-based Systems",
"32-bit Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 10 Version 22H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.19045.5737",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.19045.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.26100.3775",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.26100.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
"ARM64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 11 version 22H3",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.22631.5189",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.22631.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 11 Version 23H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.22631.5189",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.22631.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
"ARM64-based Systems",
"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows 11 Version 24H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "10.0.26100.3775",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.26100.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
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CVE-2025-3578 (GCVE-0-2025-3578)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-15 08:42
Modified
2025-04-15 13:57
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-1039 - Inadequate Detection or Handling of Adversarial Input Perturbations in Automated Recognition Mechanism
Summary
A malicious, authenticated user in Aidex, versions prior to 1.7, could list credentials of other users, create or modify existing users in the application, list credentials of users in production or development environments. In addition, it would be possible to cause bugs that would result in the exfiltration of sensitive information, such as details about the software or internal system paths. These actions could be carried out through the misuse of LLM Prompt (chatbot) technology, via the /api/<string-chat>/message endpoint, by manipulating the contents of the ‘content’ parameter.
References
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Algorithmic modifications such as model pruning or compression can help mitigate this weakness. Model pruning ensures that only weights that are most relevant to the task are used in the inference of incoming data and has shown resilience to adversarial perturbed data.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Consider implementing adversarial training, a method that introduces adversarial examples into the training data to promote robustness of algorithm at inference time.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Consider implementing model hardening to fortify the internal structure of the algorithm, including techniques such as regularization and optimization to desensitize algorithms to minor input perturbations and/or changes.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider implementing multiple models or using model ensembling techniques to improve robustness of individual model weaknesses against adversarial input perturbations.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Incorporate uncertainty estimations into the algorithm that trigger human intervention or secondary/fallback software when reached. This could be when inference predictions and confidence scores are abnormally high/low comparative to expected model performance.
Mitigation
Phase: Integration
Description:
- Reactive defenses such as input sanitization, defensive distillation, and input transformations can all be implemented before input data reaches the algorithm for inference.
Mitigation
Phase: Integration
Description:
- Consider reducing the output granularity of the inference/prediction such that attackers cannot gain additional information due to leakage in order to craft adversarially perturbed data.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.