CWE-1321

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

CVE-2011-10019 (GCVE-0-2011-10019)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-13 20:53
Modified
2025-08-14 14:52
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
Spreecommerce versions prior to 0.60.2 contains a remote command execution vulnerability in its search functionality. The application fails to properly sanitize input passed via the search[send][] parameter, which is dynamically invoked using Ruby’s send method. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server without authentication.
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2020-36632 (GCVE-0-2020-36632)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2022-12-25 19:37
Modified
2024-08-04 17:30
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in hughsk flat up to 5.0.0. This affects the function unflatten of the file index.js. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution'). It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 5.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 20ef0ef55dfa028caddaedbcb33efbdb04d18e13. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-216777 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hughsk flat Version: 5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-21297 (GCVE-0-2021-21297)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-02-26 16:20
Modified
2024-08-03 18:09
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
  • CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Summary
Node-Red is a low-code programming for event-driven applications built using nodejs. Node-RED 1.2.7 and earlier contains a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the admin API. A badly formed request can modify the prototype of the default JavaScript Object with the potential to affect the default behaviour of the Node-RED runtime. The vulnerability is patched in the 1.2.8 release. A workaround is to ensure only authorized users are able to access the editor url.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
node-red node-red Version: < 1.2.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-21304 (GCVE-0-2021-21304)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-02-08 17:40
Modified
2024-08-03 18:09
CWE
  • CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
Dynamoose is an open-source modeling tool for Amazon's DynamoDB. In Dynamoose from version 2.0.0 and before version 2.7.0 there was a prototype pollution vulnerability in the internal utility method "lib/utils/object/set.ts". This method is used throughout the codebase for various operations throughout Dynamoose. We have not seen any evidence of this vulnerability being exploited. There is no evidence this vulnerability impacts versions 1.x.x since the vulnerable method was added as part of the v2 rewrite. This vulnerability also impacts v2.x.x beta/alpha versions. Version 2.7.0 includes a patch for this vulnerability.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dynamoose dynamoose Version: >= 2.0.0, < 2.7.0
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Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-32736 (GCVE-0-2021-32736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-06-30 17:25
Modified
2024-08-03 23:33
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
think-helper defines a set of helper functions for ThinkJS. In versions of think-helper prior to 1.1.3, the software receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. The vulnerability is patched in version 1.1.3.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
thinkjs think-helper Version: < 1.1.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-3645 (GCVE-0-2021-3645)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-10 11:04
Modified
2024-08-03 17:01
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
merge is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
viking04 viking04/merge Version: unspecified   < 1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-3666 (GCVE-0-2021-3666)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-13 17:56
Modified
2024-08-03 17:01
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
body-parser-xml is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fiznool fiznool/body-parser-xml Version: unspecified   < 2.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-3757 (GCVE-0-2021-3757)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-02 12:06
Modified
2024-08-03 17:09
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
immer is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
immerjs immerjs/immer Version: unspecified   <
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-3766 (GCVE-0-2021-3766)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-06 11:17
Modified
2024-08-03 17:09
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
objection.js is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vincit vincit/objection.js Version: unspecified   < 2.2.16
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2021-3805 (GCVE-0-2021-3805)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-17 00:00
Modified
2024-08-03 17:09
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
object-path is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mariocasciaro mariocasciaro/object-path Version: unspecified   < 0.11.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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          "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/571e3baf-7c46-46e3-9003-ba7e4e623053"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/mariocasciaro/object-path/commit/e6bb638ffdd431176701b3e9024f80050d0ef0a6"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20230129 [SECURITY] [DLA 3291-1] node-object-path security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00031.html"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "571e3baf-7c46-46e3-9003-ba7e4e623053",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Prototype Pollution in mariocasciaro/object-path"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
    "assignerShortName": "@huntrdev",
    "cveId": "CVE-2021-3805",
    "datePublished": "2021-09-17T00:00:00",
    "dateReserved": "2021-09-16T00:00:00",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T17:09:09.600Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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