CWE-662

Improper Synchronization

The product utilizes multiple threads or processes to allow temporary access to a shared resource that can only be exclusive to one process at a time, but it does not properly synchronize these actions, which might cause simultaneous accesses of this resource by multiple threads or processes.

CVE-2024-32644 (GCVE-0-2024-32644)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-04-19 14:53
Modified
2024-08-02 02:13
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-662 - Improper Synchronization
Summary
Evmos is a scalable, high-throughput Proof-of-Stake EVM blockchain that is fully compatible and interoperable with Ethereum. Prior to 17.0.0, there is a way to mint arbitrary tokens due to the possibility to have two different states not in sync during the execution of a transaction. The exploit is based on the fact that to sync the Cosmos SDK state and the EVM one, we rely on the `stateDB.Commit()` method. When we call this method, we iterate though all the `dirtyStorage` and, **if and only if** it is different than the `originStorage`, we set the new state. Setting the new state means we update the Cosmos SDK KVStore. If a contract storage state that is the same before and after a transaction, but is changed during the transaction and can call an external contract after the change, it can be exploited to make the transaction similar to non-atomic. The vulnerability is **critical** since this could lead to drain of funds through creative SC interactions. The issue has been patched in versions >=V17.0.0.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
evmos evmos Version: < 17.0.0
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Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2024-7409 (GCVE-0-2024-7409)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-08-05 13:19
Modified
2025-08-04 03:55
CWE
  • CWE-662 - Improper Synchronization
Summary
A flaw was found in the QEMU NBD Server. This vulnerability allows a denial of service (DoS) attack via improper synchronization during socket closure when a client keeps a socket open as the server is taken offline.
References
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10518 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10528 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10813 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6811 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6818 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6964 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:7408 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:8991 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:9136 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:9620 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:9912 vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-7409 vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2302487 issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Create a notification for this product.
   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 8100020240905091210.489197e6   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 8100020240905091210.489197e6   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::crb
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 17:9.0.0-10.el9_5   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 17:7.2.0-14.el9_2.14   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.2::appstream
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 17:8.2.0-11.el9_4.8   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 Unaffected: 413.92.202411212100-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el8
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 Unaffected: 413.92.202409180051-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el8
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 Unaffected: 414.92.202411130444-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9
Create a notification for this product.
   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 Unaffected: 415.92.202409162258-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 Unaffected: 415.92.202411050056-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 Unaffected: 416.94.202411261619-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9
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   Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 Unaffected: 417.94.202411261220-0   < *
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.17::el9
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Advanced Virtualization     cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_virtualization:8::el8
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Advanced Virtualization     cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_virtualization:8::el8
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Advanced Virtualization     cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_virtualization:8::el8
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   Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Advanced Virtualization     cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_virtualization:8::el8
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Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2025-22853 (GCVE-0-2025-22853)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-12 16:58
Modified
2025-08-14 03:55
CWE
  • Escalation of Privilege
  • CWE-662 - Improper Synchronization
Summary
Improper synchronization in the firmware for some Intel(R) TDX may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) TDX Version: See references
Show details on NVD website


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CVE-2025-27104 (GCVE-0-2025-27104)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-02-21 21:32
Modified
2025-02-22 15:35
CWE
  • CWE-662 - Improper Synchronization
Summary
vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. Multiple evaluation of a single expression is possible in the iterator target of a for loop. While the iterator expression cannot produce multiple writes, it can consume side effects produced in the loop body (e.g. read a storage variable updated in the loop body) and thus lead to unexpected program behavior. Specifically, reads in iterators which contain an ifexp (e.g. `for s: uint256 in ([read(), read()] if True else [])`) may interleave reads with writes in the loop body. Vyper for loops allow two kinds of iterator targets, namely the `range()` builtin and an iterable type, like SArray and DArray. During codegen, iterable lists are required to not produce any side-effects (in the following code, `range_scope` forces `iter_list` to be parsed in a constant context, which is checked against `is_constant`). However, this does not prevent the iterator from consuming side effects provided by the body of the loop. For SArrays on the other hand, `iter_list` is instantiated in the body of a `repeat` ir, so it can be evaluated several times. This issue is being addressed and is expected to be available in version 0.4.1. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as the patched release is available. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vyperlang vyper Version: < 0.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website


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Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Use industry standard APIs to synchronize your code.
CAPEC-25: Forced Deadlock

The adversary triggers and exploits a deadlock condition in the target software to cause a denial of service. A deadlock can occur when two or more competing actions are waiting for each other to finish, and thus neither ever does. Deadlock conditions can be difficult to detect.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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