CWE-776

Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')

The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.

CVE-2019-5427 (GCVE-0-2019-5427)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-04-22 20:52
Modified
2024-08-04 19:54
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-776 - XML Entity Expansion ()
Summary
c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a c3p0 Version: before 0.9.5.4
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2019-5442 (GCVE-0-2019-5442)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-06-12 15:08
Modified
2024-08-04 19:54
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-776 - XML Entity Expansion ()
Summary
XML Entity Expansion (Billion Laughs Attack) on Pippo 1.12.0 results in Denial of Service.Entities are created recursively and large amounts of heap memory is taken. Eventually, the JVM process will run out of memory. Otherwise, if the OS does not bound the memory on that process, memory will continue to be exhausted and will affect other processes on the system.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Pippo Version: 1.12.0
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-5227 (GCVE-0-2020-5227)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2020-01-28 22:40
Modified
2024-08-04 08:22
Severity ?
4.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
Feedgen (python feedgen) before 0.9.0 is susceptible to XML Denial of Service attacks. The *feedgen* library allows supplying XML as content for some of the available fields. This XML will be parsed and integrated into the existing XML tree. During this process, feedgen is vulnerable to XML Denial of Service Attacks (e.g. XML Bomb). This becomes a concern in particular if feedgen is used to include content from untrused sources and if XML (including XHTML) is directly included instead of providing plain tex content only. This problem has been fixed in feedgen 0.9.0 which disallows XML entity expansion and external resources.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lkiesow python-feedgen Version: < 0.9.0
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1267 (GCVE-0-2021-1267)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-01-13 21:45
Modified
2024-11-12 20:39
Severity ?
4.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
CWE
Summary
A vulnerability in the dashboard widget of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper restrictions on XML entities. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an XML-based widget on an affected server. A successful exploit could cause increased memory and CPU utilization, which could result in a DoS condition.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Firepower Management Center Version: n/a
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-31842 (GCVE-0-2021-31842)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-09-17 13:35
Modified
2024-08-03 23:10
Severity ?
5.0 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability in McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 September 2021 Update allows a local user to initiate high CPU and memory consumption resulting in a Denial of Service attack through carefully editing the EPDeploy.xml file and then executing the setup process.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
McAfee,LLC McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for WIndows Version: unspecified   < 10.7.0 September 2021 Update
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-32623 (GCVE-0-2021-32623)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-06-15 23:45
Modified
2024-08-03 23:25
Severity ?
8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
Opencast is a free and open source solution for automated video capture and distribution. Versions of Opencast prior to 9.6 are vulnerable to the billion laughs attack, which allows an attacker to easily execute a (seemingly permanent) denial of service attack, essentially taking down Opencast using a single HTTP request. To exploit this, users need to have ingest privileges, limiting the group of potential attackers The problem has been fixed in Opencast 9.6. There is no known workaround for this issue.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
opencast opencast Version: < 9.6
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-0217 (GCVE-0-2022-0217)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2022-08-26 17:25
Modified
2024-08-02 23:18
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-776 - - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion'), CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation.
Summary
It was discovered that an internal Prosody library to load XML based on libexpat does not properly restrict the XML features allowed in parsed XML data. Given suitable attacker input, this results in expansion of recursive entity references from DTDs (CWE-776). In addition, depending on the libexpat version used, it may also allow injections using XML External Entity References (CWE-611).
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a prosody Version: Fixed in prosody 0.11.12, Affects all versions with support for WebSockets.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-34467 (GCVE-0-2022-34467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2022-07-12 10:07
Modified
2024-08-03 09:15
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 8 compatible) (All versions < V9.2.2), Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 9 compatible) (All versions < V10.1.2). The affected component is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion Injection. An attacker may use this to compromise the availability of the affected component.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 8 compatible) Version: All versions < V9.2.2
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-28118 (GCVE-0-2023-28118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-03-20 12:39
Modified
2025-02-25 14:52
Severity ?
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
charleskorn kaml Version: < 0.53.0
 Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2023-3569 (GCVE-0-2023-3569)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-08-08 06:56
Modified
2025-02-27 21:10
Severity ?
4.9 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Summary
In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PHOENIX CONTACT CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX Version: 0   ≤
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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          "value": "In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2  as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 4.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-776",
              "description": "CWE-776 Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs (\u0027XML Entity Expansion\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-08-14T18:06:28.369Z",
        "orgId": "270ccfa6-a436-4e77-922e-914ec3a9685c",
        "shortName": "CERTVDE"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2023-017"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Aug/12"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174152/Phoenix-Contact-TC-Cloud-TC-Router-2.x-XSS-Memory-Consumption.html"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "VDE-2023-017",
        "defect": [
          "CERT@VDE#64498"
        ],
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "PHOENIX CONTACT: Denial-of-Service due to malicious XML files in TC ROUTER, TC CLOUD CLIENT and CLOUD CLIENT",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "270ccfa6-a436-4e77-922e-914ec3a9685c",
    "assignerShortName": "CERTVDE",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-3569",
    "datePublished": "2023-08-08T06:56:40.395Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-07-10T07:42:55.485Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T21:10:39.956Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation

Phase: Operation

Description:

  • If possible, prohibit the use of DTDs or use an XML parser that limits the expansion of recursive DTD entities.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Before parsing XML files with associated DTDs, scan for recursive entity declarations and do not continue parsing potentially explosive content.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion

An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.

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