CWE-85
Doubled Character XSS Manipulations
The web application does not filter user-controlled input for executable script disguised using doubling of the involved characters.
CVE-2022-41676 (GCVE-0-2022-41676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2022-11-29 03:30
Modified
2025-04-24 18:47
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-85 - Doubled Character XSS Manipulations
Summary
Raiden MAILD Mail Server website mail field has insufficient filtering for user input. A remote attacker with general user privilege can send email using the website with malicious JavaScript in the input field, which triggers XSS (Reflected Cross-Site Scripting) attack to the mail recipient.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEAM JOHNLONG SOFTWARE CO., LTD. | MAILD Mail Server |
Version: 4.7 |
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CVE-2024-13721 (GCVE-0-2024-13721)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-01-25 05:30
Modified
2025-01-27 15:34
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-85 - Doubled Character XSS Manipulations
Summary
The Plethora Plugins Tabs + Accordions plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the anchor parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.8 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plethoraplugins | Plethora Plugins Tabs + Accordions |
Version: * ≤ 1.1.8 |
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Resolve all filtered input to absolute or canonical representations before processing.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Carefully check each input parameter against a rigorous positive specification (allowlist) defining the specific characters and format allowed. All input should be neutralized, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including tag attributes, hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. We often encounter data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
Mitigation ID: MIT-30.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation ID: MIT-43
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation ID: MIT-31
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XMLHTTPRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
CAPEC-245: XSS Using Doubled Characters
The adversary bypasses input validation by using doubled characters in order to perform a cross-site scripting attack. Some filters fail to recognize dangerous sequences if they are preceded by repeated characters. For example, by doubling the < before a script command, (<<script or %3C%3script using URI encoding) the filters of some web applications may fail to recognize the presence of a script tag. If the targeted server is vulnerable to this type of bypass, the adversary can create a crafted URL or other trap to cause a victim to view a page on the targeted server where the malicious content is executed, as per a normal XSS attack.