CWE-98
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
CVE-2012-10025 (GCVE-0-2012-10025)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-05 20:06
Modified
2025-08-07 15:12
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Summary
The WordPress plugin Advanced Custom Fields (ACF) version 3.5.1 and below contains a remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerability in core/actions/export.php. When the PHP configuration directive allow_url_include is enabled (default: Off), an unauthenticated attacker can exploit the acf_abspath POST parameter to include and execute arbitrary remote PHP code. This leads to remote code execution under the web server’s context, allowing full compromise of the host.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advanced Custom Fields | WordPress Plugin |
Version: * ≤ 3.5.1 |
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CVE-2014-9186 (GCVE-0-2014-9186)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-04-08 15:09
Modified
2024-08-06 13:40
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - File inclusion
Summary
A file inclusion vulnerability exists in the confd.exe module in Honeywell Experion PKS R40x before R400.6, R41x before R410.6, and R43x before R430.2, which could lead to accepting an arbitrary file into the function, and potential information disclosure or remote code execution. Honeywell strongly encourages and recommends all customers running unsupported versions of EKPS prior to R400 to upgrade to a supported version.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honeywell | Experion PKS |
Version: R40x before R400.6 Version: R41x before R410.6 Version: R43x before R430.2 |
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CVE-2015-10133 (GCVE-0-2015-10133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-19 09:23
Modified
2025-07-21 16:24
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Summary
The Subscribe to Comments for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in versions up to, and including, 2.1.2 via the Path to header value. This allows authenticated attackers, with administrative privileges and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included. This same function can also be used to execute arbitrary PHP code.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| markjaquith | Subscribe to Comments |
Version: * ≤ 2.1.2 |
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CVE-2015-6461 (GCVE-0-2015-6461)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-03-21 18:17
Modified
2024-08-06 07:22
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Remote file inclusion
Summary
Remote file inclusion allows an attacker to craft a specific URL referencing the Schneider Electric Modicon BMXNOC0401, BMXNOE0100, BMXNOE0110, BMXNOE0110H, BMXNOR0200H, BMXP342020, BMXP342020H, BMXP342030, BMXP3420302, BMXP3420302H, or BMXP342030H PLC web server, which, when launched, will result in the browser redirecting to a remote file via a Java script loaded with the web page.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Schneider Electric Modicon PLC |
Version: BMXNOC0401, BMXNOE0100, BMXNOE0110, BMXNOE0110H, BMXNOR0200H, BMXP342020, BMXP342020H, BMXP342030, BMXP3420302, BMXP3420302H, and BMXP342030H. |
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CVE-2016-6565 (GCVE-0-2016-6565)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2018-07-13 20:00
Modified
2024-08-06 01:36
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
The Imagely NextGen Gallery plugin for Wordpress prior to version 2.1.57 does not properly validate user input in the cssfile parameter of a HTTP POST request, which may allow an authenticated user to read arbitrary files from the server, or execute arbitrary code on the server in some circumstances (dependent on server configuration).
References
| ► | URL | Tags | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imagely | NextGen Gallery plugin |
Version: 2.1.57 < 2.1.57 |
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CVE-2017-14095 (GCVE-0-2017-14095)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2018-01-19 19:00
Modified
2024-08-05 19:20
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - OTHER - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ()
Summary
A vulnerability in Trend Micro Smart Protection Server (Standalone) versions 3.2 and below could allow an attacker to perform remote command execution via a local file inclusion on a vulnerable system.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trend Micro | Trend Micro Smart Protection Server (Standalone) |
Version: 3.0, 3.1, 3.2 |
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CVE-2019-5479 (GCVE-0-2019-5479)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-09-03 19:15
Modified
2024-08-04 19:54
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Remote File Inclusion ()
Summary
An unintended require vulnerability in <v0.5.5 larvitbase-api may allow an attacker to load arbitrary non-production code (JavaScript file).
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | larvitbase-api |
Version: 0.5.5 |
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CVE-2020-13175 (GCVE-0-2020-13175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2020-08-11 17:40
Modified
2024-08-04 12:11
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Local File Inclusion ()
Summary
The Management Interface of the Teradici Cloud Access Connector and Cloud Access Connector Legacy for releases prior to April 20, 2020 (v15 and earlier for Cloud Access Connector) contains a local file inclusion vulnerability which allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to leak LDAP credentials via a specially crafted HTTP request.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | - Cloud Access Connector - Cloud Access Connector Legacy |
Version: Cloud Access Connector Legacy prior to April 20, 2020, Cloud Access Connector v15 and earlier |
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CVE-2020-5295 (GCVE-0-2020-5295)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2020-06-03 21:50
Modified
2024-08-04 08:22
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Summary
In OctoberCMS (october/october composer package) versions from 1.0.319 and before 1.0.466, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability to read local files of an October CMS server. The vulnerability is only exploitable by an authenticated backend user with the `cms.manage_assets` permission. Issue has been patched in Build 466 (v1.0.466).
References
| ► | URL | Tags | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| octobercms | october |
Version: >= 1.0.319, < 1.0.466 |
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CVE-2021-21804 (GCVE-0-2021-21804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-07-16 10:34
Modified
2024-08-03 18:23
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Summary
A local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the options.php script functionality of Advantech R-SeeNet v 2.4.12 (20.10.2020). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary PHP code execution. An attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
References
| ► | URL | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-6
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth.
Mitigation
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Develop and run your code in the most recent versions of PHP available, preferably PHP 6 or later. Many of the highly risky features in earlier PHP interpreters have been removed, restricted, or disabled by default.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
- Often, programmers do not protect direct access to files intended only to be included by core programs. These include files may assume that critical variables have already been initialized by the calling program. As a result, the use of register_globals combined with the ability to directly access the include file may allow attackers to conduct file inclusion attacks. This remains an extremely common pattern as of 2009.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Set allow_url_fopen to false, which limits the ability to include files from remote locations.
CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion
In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.