cisco-sa-netconf-nacm-bypass-tgzv9pmq
Vulnerability from csaf_cisco
Published
2025-05-07 16:00
Modified
2025-05-07 16:00
Summary
Cisco IOS XE Software Model-Driven Programmability Authorization Bypass Vulnerability

Notes

Summary
A vulnerability in the Network Configuration Access Control Module (NACM) of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain unauthorized read access to configuration or operational data. This vulnerability exists because a subtle change in inner API call behavior causes results to be filtered incorrectly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using either NETCONF, RESTCONF, or gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) protocols and query data on paths that may have been denied by the NACM configuration. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access data that should have been restricted according to the NACM configuration. Note: This vulnerability requires that the attacker obtain the credentials from a valid user with privileges lower than 15, and that NACM was configured to provide restricted read access for that user. This advisory is part of the May 2025 release of the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. For a complete list of the advisories and links to them, see Cisco Event Response: May 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/viewErp.x?alertId=ERP-75279"].
Vulnerable Products
At the time of publication, this vulnerability affected Cisco devices if they were running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS XE Software and had an NACM policy enabled that provides restricted read access to lower-privileged users. For information about which Cisco software releases are vulnerable, see the Fixed Software ["#fs"] section of this advisory.
Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable
Only products listed in the Vulnerable Products ["#vp"] section of this advisory are known to be affected by this vulnerability. Cisco has confirmed that this vulnerability does not affect the following Cisco products: IOS Software IOS XR Software Meraki products NX-OS Software
Workarounds
There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
Fixed Software
When considering software upgrades ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#fixes"], customers are advised to regularly consult the advisories for Cisco products, which are available from the Cisco Security Advisories page ["https://www.cisco.com/go/psirt"], to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should ensure that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and confirm that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, customers are advised to contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or their contracted maintenance providers. Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides the Cisco Software Checker ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/softwarechecker.x"]. This tool identifies any Cisco security advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities that are described in each advisory (“First Fixed”). If applicable, the tool also returns the earliest release that fixes all the vulnerabilities that are described in all the advisories that the Software Checker identifies (“Combined First Fixed”). To use the tool, go to the Cisco Software Checker ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/softwarechecker.x"] page and follow the instructions. Alternatively, use the following form to determine whether a release is affected by any Cisco Security Advisory. To use the form, follow these steps: Choose which advisories the tool will search—only this advisory, only advisories with a Critical or High Security Impact Rating (SIR) ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#asr"], or all advisories. Enter a release number—for example, 15.9(3)M2 or 17.3.3. Click Check. Only this advisory All Critical and High advisories All advisories
Vulnerability Policy
To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy ["http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/psirt/security_vulnerability_policy.html"]. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco.
Exploitation and Public Announcements
The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory.
Source
This vulnerability was found during internal security testing.
Legal Disclaimer
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products.


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{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "summary": "This vulnerability was found during internal security testing."
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "A vulnerability in the Network Configuration Access Control Module (NACM) of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain unauthorized read access to configuration or operational data.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability exists because a subtle change in inner API call behavior causes results to be filtered incorrectly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using either NETCONF, RESTCONF, or gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) protocols and query data on paths that may have been denied by the NACM configuration. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access data that should have been restricted according to the NACM configuration.\r\n\r\nNote: This vulnerability requires that the attacker obtain the credentials from a valid user with privileges lower than 15, and that NACM was configured to provide restricted read access for that user.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis advisory is part of the May 2025 release of the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. For a complete list of the advisories and links to them, see Cisco Event Response: May 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/viewErp.x?alertId=ERP-75279\"].",
        "title": "Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "At the time of publication, this vulnerability affected Cisco devices if they were running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS XE Software and had an NACM policy enabled that provides restricted read access to lower-privileged users.\r\n\r\nFor information about which Cisco software releases are vulnerable, see the Fixed Software [\"#fs\"] section of this advisory.",
        "title": "Vulnerable Products"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Only products listed in the Vulnerable Products [\"#vp\"] section of this advisory are known to be affected by this vulnerability.\r\n\r\nCisco has confirmed that this vulnerability does not affect the following Cisco products:\r\n\r\nIOS Software\r\nIOS XR Software\r\nMeraki products\r\nNX-OS Software",
        "title": "Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.",
        "title": "Workarounds"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When considering software upgrades [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#fixes\"], customers are advised to regularly consult the advisories for Cisco products, which are available from the Cisco Security Advisories page [\"https://www.cisco.com/go/psirt\"], to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution.\r\n\r\nIn all cases, customers should ensure that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and confirm that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, customers are advised to contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or their contracted maintenance providers.\r\n        Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software\r\nTo help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides the Cisco Software Checker [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/softwarechecker.x\"]. This tool identifies any Cisco security advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities that are described in each advisory (\u201cFirst Fixed\u201d). If applicable, the tool also returns the earliest release that fixes all the vulnerabilities that are described in all the advisories that the Software Checker identifies (\u201cCombined First Fixed\u201d).\r\n\r\nTo use the tool, go to the Cisco Software Checker [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/softwarechecker.x\"] page and follow the instructions. Alternatively, use the following form to determine whether a release is affected by any Cisco Security Advisory. To use the form, follow these steps:\r\n\r\nChoose which advisories the tool will search\u2014only this advisory, only advisories with a Critical or High Security Impact Rating (SIR) [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#asr\"], or all advisories.\r\nEnter a release number\u2014for example, 15.9(3)M2 or 17.3.3.\r\nClick Check.\r\n\r\n       Only this advisory  All Critical and High advisories  All advisories",
        "title": "Fixed Software"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy [\"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/psirt/security_vulnerability_policy.html\"]. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco.",
        "title": "Vulnerability Policy"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory.",
        "title": "Exploitation and Public Announcements"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "This vulnerability was found during internal security testing.",
        "title": "Source"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME.\r\n\r\nA standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products.",
        "title": "Legal Disclaimer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "vendor",
      "contact_details": "psirt@cisco.com",
      "issuing_authority": "Cisco PSIRT",
      "name": "Cisco",
      "namespace": "https://wwww.cisco.com"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "Cisco IOS XE Software Model-Driven Programmability Authorization Bypass Vulnerability",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-netconf-nacm-bypass-TGZV9pmQ"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Cisco Event Response: May 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/viewErp.x?alertId=ERP-75279"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "considering software upgrades",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#fixes"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Cisco Security Advisories page",
        "url": "https://www.cisco.com/go/psirt"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Cisco Software Checker",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/softwarechecker.x"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Security Impact Rating (SIR)",
        "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html#asr"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Security Vulnerability Policy",
        "url": "http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/psirt/security_vulnerability_policy.html"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Cisco IOS XE Software Model-Driven Programmability Authorization Bypass Vulnerability",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-05-07T16:00:00+00:00",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-05-07T16:00:59+00:00",
        "engine": {
          "name": "TVCE"
        }
      },
      "id": "cisco-sa-netconf-nacm-bypass-TGZV9pmQ",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-07T16:00:00+00:00",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-05-07T15:53:28+00:00",
          "number": "1.0.0",
          "summary": "Initial public release."
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.11.1",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.11.1",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-286799"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.11.1a",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.11.1a",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-294838"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "17.11"
              },
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-286801"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1w",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1w",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-296763"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1a",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1a",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-300012"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1x",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1x",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-300823"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.2",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.2",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-300834"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.2a",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.2a",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-300948"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1y",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1y",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-301162"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1z",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1z",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-301254"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.12.1z1",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.12.1z1",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-302758"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "17.12"
              },
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.13.1",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.13.1",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-295359"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.13.1a",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.13.1a",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-300947"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "17.13"
              },
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "service_pack",
                    "name": "17.11.99SW",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "17.11.99SW",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-296860"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "17.11SW"
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "Cisco IOS XE Software"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Cisco"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-20214",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Cisco Bug ID",
          "text": "CSCwi33204"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "Complete.",
          "title": "Affected Product Comprehensiveness"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-286799",
          "CSAFPID-286801",
          "CSAFPID-294838",
          "CSAFPID-295359",
          "CSAFPID-296763",
          "CSAFPID-296860",
          "CSAFPID-300012",
          "CSAFPID-300823",
          "CSAFPID-300834",
          "CSAFPID-300947",
          "CSAFPID-300948",
          "CSAFPID-301162",
          "CSAFPID-301254",
          "CSAFPID-302758"
        ]
      },
      "release_date": "2025-05-07T16:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-286799",
            "CSAFPID-286801",
            "CSAFPID-294838",
            "CSAFPID-295359",
            "CSAFPID-296763",
            "CSAFPID-296860",
            "CSAFPID-300012",
            "CSAFPID-300823",
            "CSAFPID-300834",
            "CSAFPID-300947",
            "CSAFPID-300948",
            "CSAFPID-301162",
            "CSAFPID-301254",
            "CSAFPID-302758"
          ],
          "url": "https://software.cisco.com"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-286799",
            "CSAFPID-286801",
            "CSAFPID-294838",
            "CSAFPID-295359",
            "CSAFPID-296763",
            "CSAFPID-296860",
            "CSAFPID-300012",
            "CSAFPID-300823",
            "CSAFPID-300834",
            "CSAFPID-300947",
            "CSAFPID-300948",
            "CSAFPID-301162",
            "CSAFPID-301254",
            "CSAFPID-302758"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Cisco IOS XE Software Model-Driven Programmability Authorization Bypass"
    }
  ]
}


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Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.