CVE-2022-48750 (GCVE-0-2022-48750)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-06-20 11:13
Modified
2025-05-04 08:22
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
hwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen
Paweł Marciniak reports the following crash, observed when clearing
the chassis intrusion alarm.
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028
PGD 0 P4D 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 3 PID: 4815 Comm: bash Tainted: G S 5.16.2-200.fc35.x86_64 #1
Hardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./Z97 Extreme4, BIOS P2.60A 05/03/2018
RIP: 0010:clear_caseopen+0x5a/0x120 [nct6775]
Code: 68 70 e8 e9 32 b1 e3 85 c0 0f 85 d2 00 00 00 48 83 7c 24 ...
RSP: 0018:ffffabcb02803dd8 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: ffff8e8808192880 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8e87c7509a68
RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 000000000000000a
R10: 000000000000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: 000000000000001f
R13: ffff8e87c7509828 R14: ffff8e87c7509a68 R15: ffff8e88494527a0
FS: 00007f4db9151740(0000) GS:ffff8e8ebfec0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000166b66001 CR4: 00000000001706e0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11c/0x1b0
new_sync_write+0x10b/0x180
vfs_write+0x209/0x2a0
ksys_write+0x4f/0xc0
do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
The problem is that the device passed to clear_caseopen() is the hwmon
device, not the platform device, and the platform data is not set in the
hwmon device. Store the pointer to sio_data in struct nct6775_data and
get if from there if needed.
References
Impacted products
{ "containers": { "adp": [ { "metrics": [ { "other": { "content": { "id": "CVE-2022-48750", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "partial" } ], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2024-06-24T15:12:14.733914Z", "version": "2.0.3" }, "type": "ssvc" } } ], "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2024-06-24T15:12:27.350Z", "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP" }, "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment" }, { "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T15:25:01.617Z", "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE" }, "references": [ { "tags": [ "x_transferred" ], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb" }, { "tags": [ "x_transferred" ], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b" } ], "title": "CVE Program Container" } ], "cna": { "affected": [ { "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": [ "drivers/hwmon/nct6775.c" ], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [ { "lessThan": "cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb", "status": "affected", "version": "2e7b9886968b89f0b4cbc59b8e6ed47fd4edd0dd", "versionType": "git" }, { "lessThan": "79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b", "status": "affected", "version": "2e7b9886968b89f0b4cbc59b8e6ed47fd4edd0dd", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": [ "drivers/hwmon/nct6775.c" ], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "5.16" }, { "lessThan": "5.16", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "5.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.16.5", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "cpeMatch": [ { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "5.16.5", "versionStartIncluding": "5.16", "vulnerable": true }, { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "5.17", "versionStartIncluding": "5.16", "vulnerable": true } ], "negate": false, "operator": "OR" } ] } ], "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen\n\nPawe\u0142 Marciniak reports the following crash, observed when clearing\nthe chassis intrusion alarm.\n\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028\nPGD 0 P4D 0\nOops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\nCPU: 3 PID: 4815 Comm: bash Tainted: G S 5.16.2-200.fc35.x86_64 #1\nHardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./Z97 Extreme4, BIOS P2.60A 05/03/2018\nRIP: 0010:clear_caseopen+0x5a/0x120 [nct6775]\nCode: 68 70 e8 e9 32 b1 e3 85 c0 0f 85 d2 00 00 00 48 83 7c 24 ...\nRSP: 0018:ffffabcb02803dd8 EFLAGS: 00010246\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000\nRDX: ffff8e8808192880 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8e87c7509a68\nRBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 000000000000000a\nR10: 000000000000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: 000000000000001f\nR13: ffff8e87c7509828 R14: ffff8e87c7509a68 R15: ffff8e88494527a0\nFS: 00007f4db9151740(0000) GS:ffff8e8ebfec0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000166b66001 CR4: 00000000001706e0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11c/0x1b0\n new_sync_write+0x10b/0x180\n vfs_write+0x209/0x2a0\n ksys_write+0x4f/0xc0\n do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae\n\nThe problem is that the device passed to clear_caseopen() is the hwmon\ndevice, not the platform device, and the platform data is not set in the\nhwmon device. Store the pointer to sio_data in struct nct6775_data and\nget if from there if needed." } ], "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T08:22:19.678Z", "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux" }, "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b" } ], "title": "hwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } }, "cveMetadata": { "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "cveId": "CVE-2022-48750", "datePublished": "2024-06-20T11:13:31.920Z", "dateReserved": "2024-06-20T11:09:39.055Z", "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T08:22:19.678Z", "state": "PUBLISHED" }, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1", "vulnerability-lookup:meta": { "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2022-48750\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-06-20T12:15:13.223\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T07:33:55.473\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nhwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen\\n\\nPawe\u0142 Marciniak reports the following crash, observed when clearing\\nthe chassis intrusion alarm.\\n\\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028\\nPGD 0 P4D 0\\nOops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\\nCPU: 3 PID: 4815 Comm: bash Tainted: G S 5.16.2-200.fc35.x86_64 #1\\nHardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./Z97 Extreme4, BIOS P2.60A 05/03/2018\\nRIP: 0010:clear_caseopen+0x5a/0x120 [nct6775]\\nCode: 68 70 e8 e9 32 b1 e3 85 c0 0f 85 d2 00 00 00 48 83 7c 24 ...\\nRSP: 0018:ffffabcb02803dd8 EFLAGS: 00010246\\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000\\nRDX: ffff8e8808192880 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8e87c7509a68\\nRBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 000000000000000a\\nR10: 000000000000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: 000000000000001f\\nR13: ffff8e87c7509828 R14: ffff8e87c7509a68 R15: ffff8e88494527a0\\nFS: 00007f4db9151740(0000) GS:ffff8e8ebfec0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\nCR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000166b66001 CR4: 00000000001706e0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11c/0x1b0\\n new_sync_write+0x10b/0x180\\n vfs_write+0x209/0x2a0\\n ksys_write+0x4f/0xc0\\n do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae\\n\\nThe problem is that the device passed to clear_caseopen() is the hwmon\\ndevice, not the platform device, and the platform data is not set in the\\nhwmon device. Store the pointer to sio_data in struct nct6775_data and\\nget if from there if needed.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: hwmon: (nct6775) \u00bfReparar fallo en clear_caseopen Pawe? Marciniak informa del siguiente accidente, observado al borrar la alarma de intrusi\u00f3n en el chasis. ERROR: desreferencia del puntero NULL del kernel, direcci\u00f3n: 00000000000000028 PGD 0 P4D 0 Ups: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI CPU: 3 PID: 4815 Comm: bash Contaminado: GS 5.16.2-200.fc35.x86_64 #1 Nombre de hardware: Para ser completado por OEM Para ser completado por OEM/Z97 Extreme4, BIOS P2.60A 03/05/2018 RIP: 0010:clear_caseopen+0x5a/0x120 [nct6775] C\u00f3digo: 68 70 e8 e9 32 b1 e3 85 c0 0f 85 d2 00 00 00 48 83 7c 24 ... RSP: 0018:ffffabcb02803dd8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 8808192880 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8e87c7509a68 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 000000000000000a R10: 000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: 000000000000001f R13: ffff8e87c7509828 R14: ffff8e87c7509a68 R15: ffff8e88494527a0 FS: 00007f4db9151740(0000) GS:ffff8e8ebfec0000(0000) nlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000166b66001 CR4: 00000000001706e0 : kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11c/0x1b0 new_sync_write+0x10b/0x180 vfs_write+0x209/0x2a0 ksys_write+0x4f/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90 Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae El problema es que el dispositivo pasado a clear_caseopen() es el dispositivo hwmon, no el dispositivo de plataforma y los datos de la plataforma no est\u00e1n configurados en el dispositivo hwmon. Guarde el puntero a sio_data en la estructura nct6775_data y obtengalo desde all\u00ed si es necesario.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.16.5\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1AD9E77E-B27E-450C-8FD8-B64EC5FB002D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7BD5F8D9-54FA-4CB0-B4F0-CB0471FDDB2D\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}", "vulnrichment": { "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-03T15:25:01.617Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2022-48750\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-06-24T15:12:14.733914Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-06-24T15:12:22.042Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"hwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2e7b9886968b89f0b4cbc59b8e6ed47fd4edd0dd\", \"lessThan\": \"cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2e7b9886968b89f0b4cbc59b8e6ed47fd4edd0dd\", \"lessThan\": \"79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/hwmon/nct6775.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.16\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.16\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.16.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.16.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.17\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/hwmon/nct6775.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfb7d12f2e4a4d694f49e9b4ebb352f7b67cdfbb\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79da533d3cc717ccc05ddbd3190da8a72bc2408b\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nhwmon: (nct6775) Fix crash in clear_caseopen\\n\\nPawe\\u0142 Marciniak reports the following crash, observed when clearing\\nthe chassis intrusion alarm.\\n\\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028\\nPGD 0 P4D 0\\nOops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\\nCPU: 3 PID: 4815 Comm: bash Tainted: G S 5.16.2-200.fc35.x86_64 #1\\nHardware name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./Z97 Extreme4, BIOS P2.60A 05/03/2018\\nRIP: 0010:clear_caseopen+0x5a/0x120 [nct6775]\\nCode: 68 70 e8 e9 32 b1 e3 85 c0 0f 85 d2 00 00 00 48 83 7c 24 ...\\nRSP: 0018:ffffabcb02803dd8 EFLAGS: 00010246\\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000000000\\nRDX: ffff8e8808192880 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8e87c7509a68\\nRBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 000000000000000a\\nR10: 000000000000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: 000000000000001f\\nR13: ffff8e87c7509828 R14: ffff8e87c7509a68 R15: ffff8e88494527a0\\nFS: 00007f4db9151740(0000) GS:ffff8e8ebfec0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\nCR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 0000000166b66001 CR4: 00000000001706e0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11c/0x1b0\\n new_sync_write+0x10b/0x180\\n vfs_write+0x209/0x2a0\\n ksys_write+0x4f/0xc0\\n do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae\\n\\nThe problem is that the device passed to clear_caseopen() is the hwmon\\ndevice, not the platform device, and the platform data is not set in the\\nhwmon device. Store the pointer to sio_data in struct nct6775_data and\\nget if from there if needed.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.16.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.16\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.17\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.16\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-04T08:22:19.678Z\"}}}", "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2022-48750\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-04T08:22:19.678Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-06-20T11:09:39.055Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-06-20T11:13:31.920Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}", "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1" } } }
Loading…
Loading…
Sightings
Author | Source | Type | Date |
---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…