CVE-2025-21910 (GCVE-0-2025-21910)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-01 15:40
Modified
2025-05-04 07:24
Severity ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: cfg80211: regulatory: improve invalid hints checking Syzbot keeps reporting an issue [1] that occurs when erroneous symbols sent from userspace get through into user_alpha2[] via regulatory_hint_user() call. Such invalid regulatory hints should be rejected. While a sanity check from commit 47caf685a685 ("cfg80211: regulatory: reject invalid hints") looks to be enough to deter these very cases, there is a way to get around it due to 2 reasons. 1) The way isalpha() works, symbols other than latin lower and upper letters may be used to determine a country/domain. For instance, greek letters will also be considered upper/lower letters and for such characters isalpha() will return true as well. However, ISO-3166-1 alpha2 codes should only hold latin characters. 2) While processing a user regulatory request, between reg_process_hint_user() and regulatory_hint_user() there happens to be a call to queue_regulatory_request() which modifies letters in request->alpha2[] with toupper(). This works fine for latin symbols, less so for weird letter characters from the second part of _ctype[]. Syzbot triggers a warning in is_user_regdom_saved() by first sending over an unexpected non-latin letter that gets malformed by toupper() into a character that ends up failing isalpha() check. Prevent this by enhancing is_an_alpha2() to ensure that incoming symbols are latin letters and nothing else. [1] Syzbot report: ------------[ cut here ]------------ Unexpected user alpha2: A� WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 964 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5-syzkaller-00044-gc1e939a21eb1 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Workqueue: events_power_efficient crda_timeout_work RIP: 0010:is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline] RIP: 0010:restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline] RIP: 0010:restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516 ... Call Trace: <TASK> crda_timeout_work+0x27/0x50 net/wireless/reg.c:542 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa65/0x1850 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f2/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 </TASK>
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
Version: 09d989d179d0c679043556dda77c51b41a2dae7e
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{
  "containers": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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              "version": "6.13.7",
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: cfg80211: regulatory: improve invalid hints checking\n\nSyzbot keeps reporting an issue [1] that occurs when erroneous symbols\nsent from userspace get through into user_alpha2[] via\nregulatory_hint_user() call. Such invalid regulatory hints should be\nrejected.\n\nWhile a sanity check from commit 47caf685a685 (\"cfg80211: regulatory:\nreject invalid hints\") looks to be enough to deter these very cases,\nthere is a way to get around it due to 2 reasons.\n\n1) The way isalpha() works, symbols other than latin lower and\nupper letters may be used to determine a country/domain.\nFor instance, greek letters will also be considered upper/lower\nletters and for such characters isalpha() will return true as well.\nHowever, ISO-3166-1 alpha2 codes should only hold latin\ncharacters.\n\n2) While processing a user regulatory request, between\nreg_process_hint_user() and regulatory_hint_user() there happens to\nbe a call to queue_regulatory_request() which modifies letters in\nrequest-\u003ealpha2[] with toupper(). This works fine for latin symbols,\nless so for weird letter characters from the second part of _ctype[].\n\nSyzbot triggers a warning in is_user_regdom_saved() by first sending\nover an unexpected non-latin letter that gets malformed by toupper()\ninto a character that ends up failing isalpha() check.\n\nPrevent this by enhancing is_an_alpha2() to ensure that incoming\nsymbols are latin letters and nothing else.\n\n[1] Syzbot report:\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nUnexpected user alpha2: A\ufffd\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline]\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline]\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 964 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5-syzkaller-00044-gc1e939a21eb1 #0\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024\nWorkqueue: events_power_efficient crda_timeout_work\nRIP: 0010:is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline]\nRIP: 0010:restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline]\nRIP: 0010:restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n crda_timeout_work+0x27/0x50 net/wireless/reg.c:542\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]\n process_scheduled_works+0xa65/0x1850 kernel/workqueue.c:3310\n worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\n kthread+0x2f2/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389\n ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\n \u003c/TASK\u003e"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T07:24:11.580Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/62b1a9bbfebba4b4c2bb6c1ede9ef7ecee7a9ff6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da3f599517ef2ea851208df3229d07728d238dc5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a5e3b23054cee3b92683d1467e3fa83921f5622"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4112cb477c727a65787a4065a75ca593bb5b2f4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/35ef07112b61b06eb30683a6563c9f6378c02476"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be7c5f00aa7f1344293e4d48d0e12be83a2f223d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17aa34c84867f6cd181a5743e1c647e7766962a6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59b348be7597c4a9903cb003c69e37df20c04a30"
        }
      ],
      "title": "wifi: cfg80211: regulatory: improve invalid hints checking",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21910",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-01T15:40:49.189Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.786Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T07:24:11.580Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21910\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-04-01T16:15:21.550\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-04-01T20:26:01.990\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nwifi: cfg80211: regulatory: improve invalid hints checking\\n\\nSyzbot keeps reporting an issue [1] that occurs when erroneous symbols\\nsent from userspace get through into user_alpha2[] via\\nregulatory_hint_user() call. Such invalid regulatory hints should be\\nrejected.\\n\\nWhile a sanity check from commit 47caf685a685 (\\\"cfg80211: regulatory:\\nreject invalid hints\\\") looks to be enough to deter these very cases,\\nthere is a way to get around it due to 2 reasons.\\n\\n1) The way isalpha() works, symbols other than latin lower and\\nupper letters may be used to determine a country/domain.\\nFor instance, greek letters will also be considered upper/lower\\nletters and for such characters isalpha() will return true as well.\\nHowever, ISO-3166-1 alpha2 codes should only hold latin\\ncharacters.\\n\\n2) While processing a user regulatory request, between\\nreg_process_hint_user() and regulatory_hint_user() there happens to\\nbe a call to queue_regulatory_request() which modifies letters in\\nrequest-\u003ealpha2[] with toupper(). This works fine for latin symbols,\\nless so for weird letter characters from the second part of _ctype[].\\n\\nSyzbot triggers a warning in is_user_regdom_saved() by first sending\\nover an unexpected non-latin letter that gets malformed by toupper()\\ninto a character that ends up failing isalpha() check.\\n\\nPrevent this by enhancing is_an_alpha2() to ensure that incoming\\nsymbols are latin letters and nothing else.\\n\\n[1] Syzbot report:\\n------------[ cut here ]------------\\nUnexpected user alpha2: A\ufffd\\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline]\\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline]\\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 964 at net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516\\nModules linked in:\\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 964 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5-syzkaller-00044-gc1e939a21eb1 #0\\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024\\nWorkqueue: events_power_efficient crda_timeout_work\\nRIP: 0010:is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [inline]\\nRIP: 0010:restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [inline]\\nRIP: 0010:restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516\\n...\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n crda_timeout_work+0x27/0x50 net/wireless/reg.c:542\\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]\\n process_scheduled_works+0xa65/0x1850 kernel/workqueue.c:3310\\n worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\\n kthread+0x2f2/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389\\n ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: wifi: cfg80211: regulatory: improve invalid hints checking Syzbot sigue reportando un problema [1] que ocurre cuando s\u00edmbolos err\u00f3neos enviados desde el espacio de usuario se introducen en user_alpha2[] mediante la llamada regulatory_hint_user(). Estas sugerencias regulatorias inv\u00e1lidas deben rechazarse. Si bien una comprobaci\u00f3n de seguridad del commit 47caf685a685 (\\\"cfg80211: regulatory: reject invalid hints\\\") parece ser suficiente para evitar estos casos, existe una forma de evitarla por dos razones: 1) El funcionamiento de isalpha() permite usar s\u00edmbolos distintos de las letras latinas may\u00fasculas y min\u00fasculas para determinar un pa\u00eds o dominio. Por ejemplo, las letras griegas tambi\u00e9n se considerar\u00e1n may\u00fasculas y min\u00fasculas, y para estos caracteres isalpha() tambi\u00e9n devolver\u00e1 verdadero. Sin embargo, los c\u00f3digos ISO-3166-1 alpha2 solo deben contener caracteres latinos. 2) Al procesar una solicitud regulatoria de usuario, entre reg_process_hint_user() y regulatory_hint_user() se produce una llamada a queue_regulatory_request() que modifica las letras en request-\u0026gt;alpha2[] con toupper(). Esto funciona correctamente con s\u00edmbolos latinos, pero no tanto con caracteres de letras extra\u00f1as de la segunda parte de _ctype[]. Syzbot genera una advertencia en is_user_regdom_saved() al enviar primero una letra no latina inesperada que toupper() malforma en un car\u00e1cter que falla la comprobaci\u00f3n de isalpha(). Para evitar esto, mejore is_an_alpha2() para garantizar que los s\u00edmbolos entrantes sean \u00fanicamente letras latinas. [1] Informe de Syzbot: ------------[ cortar aqu\u00ed ]------------ Usuario inesperado alpha2: A? ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 964 en net/wireless/reg.c:442 is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [en l\u00ednea] ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 964 en net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [en l\u00ednea] ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 964 en net/wireless/reg.c:442 restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516 M\u00f3dulos vinculados: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 964 Comm: kworker/1:2 No contaminado 6.12.0-rc5-syzkaller-00044-gc1e939a21eb1 #0 Nombre del hardware: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 13/09/2024 Cola de trabajo: events_power_efficient crda_timeout_work RIP: 0010:is_user_regdom_saved net/wireless/reg.c:440 [en l\u00ednea] RIP: 0010:restore_alpha2 net/wireless/reg.c:3424 [en l\u00ednea] RIP: 0010:restore_regulatory_settings+0x3c0/0x1e50 net/wireless/reg.c:3516 ... Rastreo de llamadas:  crda_timeout_work+0x27/0x50 net/wireless/reg.c:542 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa65/0x1850 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f2/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244  \"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17aa34c84867f6cd181a5743e1c647e7766962a6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/35ef07112b61b06eb30683a6563c9f6378c02476\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59b348be7597c4a9903cb003c69e37df20c04a30\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/62b1a9bbfebba4b4c2bb6c1ede9ef7ecee7a9ff6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a5e3b23054cee3b92683d1467e3fa83921f5622\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be7c5f00aa7f1344293e4d48d0e12be83a2f223d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da3f599517ef2ea851208df3229d07728d238dc5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4112cb477c727a65787a4065a75ca593bb5b2f4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.