CVE-2025-37945 (GCVE-0-2025-37945)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-05-20 15:58
Modified
2025-05-26 05:24
Severity ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: phy: allow MDIO bus PM ops to start/stop state machine for phylink-controlled PHY DSA has 2 kinds of drivers: 1. Those who call dsa_switch_suspend() and dsa_switch_resume() from their device PM ops: qca8k-8xxx, bcm_sf2, microchip ksz 2. Those who don't: all others. The above methods should be optional. For type 1, dsa_switch_suspend() calls dsa_user_suspend() -> phylink_stop(), and dsa_switch_resume() calls dsa_user_resume() -> phylink_start(). These seem good candidates for setting mac_managed_pm = true because that is essentially its definition [1], but that does not seem to be the biggest problem for now, and is not what this change focuses on. Talking strictly about the 2nd category of DSA drivers here (which do not have MAC managed PM, meaning that for their attached PHYs, mdio_bus_phy_suspend() and mdio_bus_phy_resume() should run in full), I have noticed that the following warning from mdio_bus_phy_resume() is triggered: WARN_ON(phydev->state != PHY_HALTED && phydev->state != PHY_READY && phydev->state != PHY_UP); because the PHY state machine is running. It's running as a result of a previous dsa_user_open() -> ... -> phylink_start() -> phy_start() having been initiated by the user. The previous mdio_bus_phy_suspend() was supposed to have called phy_stop_machine(), but it didn't. So this is why the PHY is in state PHY_NOLINK by the time mdio_bus_phy_resume() runs. mdio_bus_phy_suspend() did not call phy_stop_machine() because for phylink, the phydev->adjust_link function pointer is NULL. This seems a technicality introduced by commit fddd91016d16 ("phylib: fix PAL state machine restart on resume"). That commit was written before phylink existed, and was intended to avoid crashing with consumer drivers which don't use the PHY state machine - phylink always does, when using a PHY. But phylink itself has historically not been developed with suspend/resume in mind, and apparently not tested too much in that scenario, allowing this bug to exist unnoticed for so long. Plus, prior to the WARN_ON(), it would have likely been invisible. This issue is not in fact restricted to type 2 DSA drivers (according to the above ad-hoc classification), but can be extrapolated to any MAC driver with phylink and MDIO-bus-managed PHY PM ops. DSA is just where the issue was reported. Assuming mac_managed_pm is set correctly, a quick search indicates the following other drivers might be affected: $ grep -Zlr PHYLINK_NETDEV drivers/ | xargs -0 grep -L mac_managed_pm drivers/net/ethernet/atheros/ag71xx.c drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/sparx5/sparx5_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/lan966x/lan966x_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa2/dpaa2-mac.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fs_enet/fs_enet-main.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa/dpaa_eth.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/ucc_geth.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/enetc/enetc_pf_common.c drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvneta.c drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/mediatek/mtk_eth_soc.c drivers/net/ethernet/altera/altera_tse_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/wangxun/txgbe/txgbe_phy.c drivers/net/ethernet/meta/fbnic/fbnic_phylink.c drivers/net/ethernet/tehuti/tn40_phy.c drivers/net/ethernet/mscc/ocelot_net.c Make the existing conditions dependent on the PHY device having a phydev->phy_link_change() implementation equal to the default phy_link_change() provided by phylib. Otherwise, we implicitly know that the phydev has the phylink-provided phylink_phy_change() callback, and when phylink is used, the PHY state machine always needs to be stopped/ started on the suspend/resume path. The code is structured as such that if phydev->phy_link_change() is absent, it is a matter of time until the kernel will crash - no need to further complicate the test. Thus, for the situation where the PM is not managed b ---truncated---
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: 744d23c71af39c7dc77ac7c3cac87ae86a181a85
Version: 744d23c71af39c7dc77ac7c3cac87ae86a181a85
Version: 744d23c71af39c7dc77ac7c3cac87ae86a181a85
Version: 744d23c71af39c7dc77ac7c3cac87ae86a181a85
Version: 47ac7b2f6a1ffef76e55a9ec146881a36673284b
Version: 7dc0ed411de3450e75b2a9600b5742cbf0908167
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/phy/phy_device.c"
          ],
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/phy/phy_device.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.24",
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.12",
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            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
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              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.24",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: phy: allow MDIO bus PM ops to start/stop state machine for phylink-controlled PHY\n\nDSA has 2 kinds of drivers:\n\n1. Those who call dsa_switch_suspend() and dsa_switch_resume() from\n   their device PM ops: qca8k-8xxx, bcm_sf2, microchip ksz\n2. Those who don\u0027t: all others. The above methods should be optional.\n\nFor type 1, dsa_switch_suspend() calls dsa_user_suspend() -\u003e phylink_stop(),\nand dsa_switch_resume() calls dsa_user_resume() -\u003e phylink_start().\nThese seem good candidates for setting mac_managed_pm = true because\nthat is essentially its definition [1], but that does not seem to be the\nbiggest problem for now, and is not what this change focuses on.\n\nTalking strictly about the 2nd category of DSA drivers here (which\ndo not have MAC managed PM, meaning that for their attached PHYs,\nmdio_bus_phy_suspend() and mdio_bus_phy_resume() should run in full),\nI have noticed that the following warning from mdio_bus_phy_resume() is\ntriggered:\n\n\tWARN_ON(phydev-\u003estate != PHY_HALTED \u0026\u0026 phydev-\u003estate != PHY_READY \u0026\u0026\n\t\tphydev-\u003estate != PHY_UP);\n\nbecause the PHY state machine is running.\n\nIt\u0027s running as a result of a previous dsa_user_open() -\u003e ... -\u003e\nphylink_start() -\u003e phy_start() having been initiated by the user.\n\nThe previous mdio_bus_phy_suspend() was supposed to have called\nphy_stop_machine(), but it didn\u0027t. So this is why the PHY is in state\nPHY_NOLINK by the time mdio_bus_phy_resume() runs.\n\nmdio_bus_phy_suspend() did not call phy_stop_machine() because for\nphylink, the phydev-\u003eadjust_link function pointer is NULL. This seems a\ntechnicality introduced by commit fddd91016d16 (\"phylib: fix PAL state\nmachine restart on resume\"). That commit was written before phylink\nexisted, and was intended to avoid crashing with consumer drivers which\ndon\u0027t use the PHY state machine - phylink always does, when using a PHY.\nBut phylink itself has historically not been developed with\nsuspend/resume in mind, and apparently not tested too much in that\nscenario, allowing this bug to exist unnoticed for so long. Plus, prior\nto the WARN_ON(), it would have likely been invisible.\n\nThis issue is not in fact restricted to type 2 DSA drivers (according to\nthe above ad-hoc classification), but can be extrapolated to any MAC\ndriver with phylink and MDIO-bus-managed PHY PM ops. DSA is just where\nthe issue was reported. Assuming mac_managed_pm is set correctly, a\nquick search indicates the following other drivers might be affected:\n\n$ grep -Zlr PHYLINK_NETDEV drivers/ | xargs -0 grep -L mac_managed_pm\ndrivers/net/ethernet/atheros/ag71xx.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/microchip/sparx5/sparx5_main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/microchip/lan966x/lan966x_main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa2/dpaa2-mac.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fs_enet/fs_enet-main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa/dpaa_eth.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/ucc_geth.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/enetc/enetc_pf_common.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvneta.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/mediatek/mtk_eth_soc.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/altera/altera_tse_main.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/wangxun/txgbe/txgbe_phy.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/meta/fbnic/fbnic_phylink.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/tehuti/tn40_phy.c\ndrivers/net/ethernet/mscc/ocelot_net.c\n\nMake the existing conditions dependent on the PHY device having a\nphydev-\u003ephy_link_change() implementation equal to the default\nphy_link_change() provided by phylib. Otherwise, we implicitly know that\nthe phydev has the phylink-provided phylink_phy_change() callback, and\nwhen phylink is used, the PHY state machine always needs to be stopped/\nstarted on the suspend/resume path. The code is structured as such that\nif phydev-\u003ephy_link_change() is absent, it is a matter of time until the\nkernel will crash - no need to further complicate the test.\n\nThus, for the situation where the PM is not managed b\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-26T05:24:16.339Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6ed6f8ec81b8ca7100dcd9e62bdbc0dff1b2259"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/54e5d00a8de6c13f6c01a94ed48025e882cd15f7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd4037d51d3f6667636a1383e78e48a5b7b60755"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc75ea20ffb452652f0d4033f38fe88d7cfdae35"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: phy: allow MDIO bus PM ops to start/stop state machine for phylink-controlled PHY",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37945",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-20T15:58:20.841Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.972Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-26T05:24:16.339Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37945\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-20T16:15:32.453\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-05-21T20:24:58.133\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: phy: allow MDIO bus PM ops to start/stop state machine for phylink-controlled PHY\\n\\nDSA has 2 kinds of drivers:\\n\\n1. Those who call dsa_switch_suspend() and dsa_switch_resume() from\\n   their device PM ops: qca8k-8xxx, bcm_sf2, microchip ksz\\n2. Those who don\u0027t: all others. The above methods should be optional.\\n\\nFor type 1, dsa_switch_suspend() calls dsa_user_suspend() -\u003e phylink_stop(),\\nand dsa_switch_resume() calls dsa_user_resume() -\u003e phylink_start().\\nThese seem good candidates for setting mac_managed_pm = true because\\nthat is essentially its definition [1], but that does not seem to be the\\nbiggest problem for now, and is not what this change focuses on.\\n\\nTalking strictly about the 2nd category of DSA drivers here (which\\ndo not have MAC managed PM, meaning that for their attached PHYs,\\nmdio_bus_phy_suspend() and mdio_bus_phy_resume() should run in full),\\nI have noticed that the following warning from mdio_bus_phy_resume() is\\ntriggered:\\n\\n\\tWARN_ON(phydev-\u003estate != PHY_HALTED \u0026\u0026 phydev-\u003estate != PHY_READY \u0026\u0026\\n\\t\\tphydev-\u003estate != PHY_UP);\\n\\nbecause the PHY state machine is running.\\n\\nIt\u0027s running as a result of a previous dsa_user_open() -\u003e ... -\u003e\\nphylink_start() -\u003e phy_start() having been initiated by the user.\\n\\nThe previous mdio_bus_phy_suspend() was supposed to have called\\nphy_stop_machine(), but it didn\u0027t. So this is why the PHY is in state\\nPHY_NOLINK by the time mdio_bus_phy_resume() runs.\\n\\nmdio_bus_phy_suspend() did not call phy_stop_machine() because for\\nphylink, the phydev-\u003eadjust_link function pointer is NULL. This seems a\\ntechnicality introduced by commit fddd91016d16 (\\\"phylib: fix PAL state\\nmachine restart on resume\\\"). That commit was written before phylink\\nexisted, and was intended to avoid crashing with consumer drivers which\\ndon\u0027t use the PHY state machine - phylink always does, when using a PHY.\\nBut phylink itself has historically not been developed with\\nsuspend/resume in mind, and apparently not tested too much in that\\nscenario, allowing this bug to exist unnoticed for so long. Plus, prior\\nto the WARN_ON(), it would have likely been invisible.\\n\\nThis issue is not in fact restricted to type 2 DSA drivers (according to\\nthe above ad-hoc classification), but can be extrapolated to any MAC\\ndriver with phylink and MDIO-bus-managed PHY PM ops. DSA is just where\\nthe issue was reported. Assuming mac_managed_pm is set correctly, a\\nquick search indicates the following other drivers might be affected:\\n\\n$ grep -Zlr PHYLINK_NETDEV drivers/ | xargs -0 grep -L mac_managed_pm\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/atheros/ag71xx.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/microchip/sparx5/sparx5_main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/microchip/lan966x/lan966x_main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa2/dpaa2-mac.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fs_enet/fs_enet-main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa/dpaa_eth.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/ucc_geth.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/freescale/enetc/enetc_pf_common.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvneta.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/mediatek/mtk_eth_soc.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/altera/altera_tse_main.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/wangxun/txgbe/txgbe_phy.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/meta/fbnic/fbnic_phylink.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/tehuti/tn40_phy.c\\ndrivers/net/ethernet/mscc/ocelot_net.c\\n\\nMake the existing conditions dependent on the PHY device having a\\nphydev-\u003ephy_link_change() implementation equal to the default\\nphy_link_change() provided by phylib. Otherwise, we implicitly know that\\nthe phydev has the phylink-provided phylink_phy_change() callback, and\\nwhen phylink is used, the PHY state machine always needs to be stopped/\\nstarted on the suspend/resume path. The code is structured as such that\\nif phydev-\u003ephy_link_change() is absent, it is a matter of time until the\\nkernel will crash - no need to further complicate the test.\\n\\nThus, for the situation where the PM is not managed b\\n---truncated---\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: phy: permite que las operaciones PM del bus MDIO inicien o detengan la m\u00e1quina de estados para PHY controlada por phylink DSA tiene 2 tipos de controladores: 1. Los que llaman a dsa_switch_suspend() y dsa_switch_resume() desde las operaciones PM de su dispositivo: qca8k-8xxx, bcm_sf2, microchip ksz 2. Los que no lo hacen: todos los dem\u00e1s. Los m\u00e9todos anteriores deber\u00edan ser opcionales. Para el tipo 1, dsa_switch_suspend() llama a dsa_user_suspend() -\u0026gt; phylink_stop() y dsa_switch_resume() llama a dsa_user_resume() -\u0026gt; phylink_start(). Estos parecen buenos candidatos para establecer mac_managed_pm = true porque esa es esencialmente su definici\u00f3n [1], pero ese no parece ser el mayor problema por ahora y no es en lo que se centra este cambio. Hablando estrictamente sobre la segunda categor\u00eda de controladores DSA (que no tienen PM administrado por MAC, lo que significa que para sus PHYs conectados, mdio_bus_phy_suspend() y mdio_bus_phy_resume() deben ejecutarse por completo), he notado que se activa la siguiente advertencia de mdio_bus_phy_resume(): WARN_ON(phydev-\u0026gt;state != PHY_HALTED \u0026amp;\u0026amp; phydev-\u0026gt;state != PHY_READY \u0026amp;\u0026amp; phydev-\u0026gt;state != PHY_UP); porque la m\u00e1quina de estados PHY est\u00e1 en ejecuci\u00f3n. Se est\u00e1 ejecutando como resultado de un dsa_user_open() -\u0026gt; ... -\u0026gt; phylink_start() -\u0026gt; phy_start() previo iniciado por el usuario. El mdio_bus_phy_suspend() anterior deber\u00eda haber llamado a phy_stop_machine(), pero no lo hizo. Por eso, el PHY est\u00e1 en estado PHY_NOLINK cuando se ejecuta mdio_bus_phy_resume(). mdio_bus_phy_suspend() no llam\u00f3 a phy_stop_machine() porque, para phylink, el puntero a la funci\u00f3n phydev-\u0026gt;adjust_link es NULL. Esto parece ser un tecnicismo introducido por el commit fddd91016d16 (\\\"phylib: correcci\u00f3n del reinicio de la m\u00e1quina de estados PAL al reanudar\\\"). Esta confirmaci\u00f3n se escribi\u00f3 antes de que existiera phylink y su objetivo era evitar fallos con controladores de consumidor que no utilizan la m\u00e1quina de estados PHY; phylink siempre lo hace al usar una PHY. Sin embargo, phylink no se ha desarrollado hist\u00f3ricamente con la suspensi\u00f3n/reanudaci\u00f3n en mente, y aparentemente no se ha probado demasiado en ese escenario, lo que ha permitido que este error pase desapercibido durante tanto tiempo. Adem\u00e1s, antes de WARN_ON(), probablemente habr\u00eda sido invisible. De hecho, este problema no se limita a los controladores DSA de tipo 2 (seg\u00fan la clasificaci\u00f3n ad hoc anterior), sino que se puede extrapolar a cualquier controlador MAC con phylink y operaciones de PM PHY gestionadas por bus MDIO. DSA es justo donde se report\u00f3 el problema. Suponiendo que mac_managed_pm est\u00e9 configurado correctamente, una b\u00fasqueda r\u00e1pida indica que los siguientes controladores podr\u00edan estar afectados: $ grep -Zlr PHYLINK_NETDEV drivers/ | xargs -0 grep -L mac_managed_pm drivers/net/ethernet/atheros/ag71xx.c drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/sparx5/sparx5_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/lan966x/lan966x_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa2/dpaa2-mac.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fs_enet/fs_enet-main.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa/dpaa_eth.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/ucc_geth.c drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/enetc/enetc_pf_common.c drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvneta.c Haga que las condiciones existentes dependan de que el dispositivo PHY tenga una implementaci\u00f3n de phydev-\u0026gt;phy_link_change() igual al phy_link_change() predeterminado proporcionado por phylib. De lo contrario, sabemos impl\u00edcitamente que phydev cuenta con la funci\u00f3n de devoluci\u00f3n de llamada phylink_phy_change() proporcionada por phylink, y cuando se usa phylink, la m\u00e1quina de estados PHY siempre debe detenerse/iniciar en la ruta de suspensi\u00f3n/reinicio. El c\u00f3digo est\u00e1 estructurado de tal manera que, si phydev-\u0026gt;phy_link_change() no est\u00e1 presente, es cuesti\u00f3n de tiempo hasta que el kernel se bloquee; no es necesario complicar a\u00fan m\u00e1s la prueba. Por lo tanto, si el PM no se gestiona, se trunca.\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/54e5d00a8de6c13f6c01a94ed48025e882cd15f7\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6ed6f8ec81b8ca7100dcd9e62bdbc0dff1b2259\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd4037d51d3f6667636a1383e78e48a5b7b60755\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc75ea20ffb452652f0d4033f38fe88d7cfdae35\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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