CVE-2025-38480 (GCVE-0-2025-38480)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-28 11:21
Modified
2025-07-28 11:21
Severity ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits() For Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on "digital" subdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and `COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have `insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an `insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS` instructions. In that case, the subdevice's `insn_read` and/or `insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`. For `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the supplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory. It will at least exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in "comedi_fops.c" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are allocated. However, if `insn->n` is 0 (which is allowable for `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain uninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a different instruction in the array of instructions handled by `do_insnlist_ioctl()`. This will result in an incorrect value being written to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output channel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the internal saved state of the channel. Fix it by returning 0 early if `insn->n` is 0, before reaching the code that accesses `data[0]`. Previously, the function always returned 1 on success, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually read or written up to `insn->n`, which is 0 in this case.
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Version: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4
Version: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4
Version: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4
Version: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4
Version: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4
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{
  "containers": {
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/comedi/drivers.c"
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          "vendor": "Linux",
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          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.29"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
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              "version": "6.12.40",
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              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
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        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()\n\nFor Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on \"digital\"\nsubdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and\n`COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have\n`insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an\n`insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS`\ninstructions.  In that case, the subdevice\u0027s `insn_read` and/or\n`insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the\n`insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`.\n\nFor `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the\nsupplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory.  It will at\nleast exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in\n\"comedi_fops.c\" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are\nallocated.  However, if `insn-\u003en` is 0 (which is allowable for\n`INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain\nuninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a\ndifferent instruction in the array of instructions handled by\n`do_insnlist_ioctl()`.  This will result in an incorrect value being\nwritten to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output\nchannel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the\ninternal saved state of the channel.\n\nFix it by returning 0 early if `insn-\u003en` is 0, before reaching the code\nthat accesses `data[0]`.  Previously, the function always returned 1 on\nsuccess, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually\nread or written up to `insn-\u003en`, which is 0 in this case."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-07-28T11:21:45.142Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3050d197d6bc9ef128944a70210f42d2430b3000"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10f9024a8c824a41827fff1fefefb314c98e2c88"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af1e7d389c2619219171d23f5b96dbcbb7f9656"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ab55ffaaf75d0c7b68e332c1cdcc1b0e0044870"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9cb26291d009243a4478a7ffb37b3a9175bfce9"
        }
      ],
      "title": "comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()",
      "x_generator": {
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      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38480",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-28T11:21:45.142Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.021Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-07-28T11:21:45.142Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38480\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-07-28T12:15:29.853\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-07-29T14:14:29.590\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ncomedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()\\n\\nFor Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on \\\"digital\\\"\\nsubdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and\\n`COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have\\n`insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an\\n`insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS`\\ninstructions.  In that case, the subdevice\u0027s `insn_read` and/or\\n`insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the\\n`insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`.\\n\\nFor `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the\\nsupplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory.  It will at\\nleast exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in\\n\\\"comedi_fops.c\\\" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are\\nallocated.  However, if `insn-\u003en` is 0 (which is allowable for\\n`INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain\\nuninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a\\ndifferent instruction in the array of instructions handled by\\n`do_insnlist_ioctl()`.  This will result in an incorrect value being\\nwritten to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output\\nchannel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the\\ninternal saved state of the channel.\\n\\nFix it by returning 0 early if `insn-\u003en` is 0, before reaching the code\\nthat accesses `data[0]`.  Previously, the function always returned 1 on\\nsuccess, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually\\nread or written up to `insn-\u003en`, which is 0 in this case.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: comedi: Se corrige el uso de datos no inicializados en insn_rw_emulate_bits(). Para las instrucciones `INSN_READ` e `INSN_WRITE` de Comedi en subdispositivos \\\"digitales\\\" (tipos de subdispositivo `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO` y `COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), es com\u00fan que el controlador del subdispositivo no tenga las funciones de controlador `insn_read` e `insn_write`, sino una funci\u00f3n de controlador `insn_bits` para manejar las instrucciones `INSN_BITS` de Comedi. En ese caso, los punteros del controlador de funci\u00f3n `insn_read` y/o `insn_write` del subdispositivo se configuran para apuntar a la funci\u00f3n `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` mediante `__comedi_device_postconfig()`. Para `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` actualmente asume que el valor `data[0]` proporcionado es una copia v\u00e1lida de la memoria del usuario. Al menos existir\u00e1 porque `do_insnlist_ioctl()` y `do_insn_ioctl()` en \\\"comedi_fops.c\\\" garantizan la asignaci\u00f3n de al menos `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elementos. Sin embargo, si `insn-\u0026gt;n` es 0 (lo cual es permitido para las instrucciones `INSN_READ` e `INSN_WRITE`, entonces `data[0]` puede contener datos no inicializados, y ciertamente contiene datos no v\u00e1lidos, posiblemente de una instrucci\u00f3n diferente en la matriz de instrucciones manejadas por `do_insnlist_ioctl()`. Esto dar\u00e1 como resultado que se escriba un valor incorrecto en el canal de salida digital (o en el canal de entrada/salida digital si se configura como una salida), y puede reflejarse en el estado guardado interno del canal. Arr\u00e9glelo devolviendo 0 temprano si `insn-\u0026gt;n` es 0, antes de llegar al c\u00f3digo que accede a `data[0]`. Anteriormente, la funci\u00f3n siempre devolv\u00eda 1 en caso de \u00e9xito, pero se supone que es el n\u00famero de muestras de datos realmente le\u00eddas o escritas hasta `insn-\u0026gt;n`, que es 0 en este caso.\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10f9024a8c824a41827fff1fefefb314c98e2c88\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af1e7d389c2619219171d23f5b96dbcbb7f9656\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3050d197d6bc9ef128944a70210f42d2430b3000\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ab55ffaaf75d0c7b68e332c1cdcc1b0e0044870\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9cb26291d009243a4478a7ffb37b3a9175bfce9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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