CVE-2025-38528 (GCVE-0-2025-38528)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-16 11:12
Modified
2025-08-16 11:12
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
static const char fmt[] = "%p%";
bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));
The above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at
runtime:
Please remove unsupported %\x00 in format string
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0
This happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,
detected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by
not skipping over punctuation. %\x00 is then processed in the next
iteration and rejected.
References
Impacted products
{ "containers": { "cna": { "affected": [ { "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": [ "kernel/bpf/helpers.c" ], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [ { "lessThan": "61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4", "status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "versionType": "git" }, { "lessThan": "e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289", "status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "versionType": "git" }, { "lessThan": "6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9", "status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "versionType": "git" }, { "lessThan": "1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8", "status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "versionType": "git" }, { "lessThan": "f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58", "status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": [ "kernel/bpf/helpers.c" ], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "5.13" }, { "lessThan": "5.13", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.147", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.100", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.40", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.8", "versionType": "semver" }, { "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "cpeMatch": [ { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.147", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "vulnerable": true }, { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.100", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "vulnerable": true }, { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.40", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "vulnerable": true }, { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.8", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "vulnerable": true }, { "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "vulnerable": true } ], "negate": false, "operator": "OR" } ] } ], "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn\u0027t rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected." } ], "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z", "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux" }, "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58" } ], "title": "bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } }, "cveMetadata": { "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "cveId": "CVE-2025-38528", "datePublished": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.023Z", "dateUpdated": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z", "state": "PUBLISHED" }, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1", "vulnerability-lookup:meta": { "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38528\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-16T12:15:28.313\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-08-16T12:15:28.313\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\\n\\nstatic const char fmt[] = \\\"%p%\\\";\\n bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\\n\\nThe above BPF program isn\u0027t rejected and causes a kernel warning at\\nruntime:\\n\\n Please remove unsupported %\\\\x00 in format string\\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\\n\\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\\\x00 is then processed in the next\\niteration and rejected.\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}" } }
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Sightings
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Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
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- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
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