CVE-2025-54886 (GCVE-0-2025-54886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5

Published

2025-08-08 00:03

Modified

2025-08-08 16:54

Severity ?

8.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Summary

skops is a Python library which helps users share and ship their scikit-learn based models. In versions 0.12.0 and below, the Card.get_model does not contain any logic to prevent arbitrary code execution. The Card.get_model function supports both joblib and skops for model loading. When loading .skops models, it uses skops' secure loading with trusted type validation, raising errors for untrusted types unless explicitly allowed. However, when non-.zip file formats are provided, the function silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike skops, joblib allows arbitrary code execution during loading, bypassing security measures and potentially enabling malicious code execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.13.0.

References

►

URL

Tags

	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	skops-dev	skops	Version: < 0.13.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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ghsa-378x-6p4f-8jgm

Vulnerability from github

Published

2025-08-07 16:42

Modified

2025-08-08 16:29

Severity ?

8.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

SKOPS Card.get_model happily allows arbitrary code execution

Details

Summary

When using Card.get_model, skops allows for arbitrary code execution. This is due to the fact that Card.get_model allows both joblib and skops to be used for loading models, and as is well known, joblib allows for arbitrary code execution when loading objects. I do not know if this is intended or not, but I found this really concerning for a library that is founded on security. Even if intended, I kindly ask you to consider the security implications of this, disclose the potential implications through an advisory, and change the behavior of the function in future library versions (see below for possible fixes).

What is the issue?

The Card.get_model function allows loading models using the get_model method. When a .skops model is provided, it uses the load function from skops, which is secure to our knowledge. The Card class also allows consistent management of the trusted list, allowing it to be passed during instance creation. As expected, if a skops model is provided without a trusted list, and an untrusted type is found during loading, it will raise an error. This is perfectly fine and consistent with the security principles of skops.

The problem arises when a file format different from a .zip file is provided. In this case, as shown in the code snippet below, the joblib library is used to load the model. This happens silently, without any warning or indication that the model is being loaded using joblib. This is a significant security risk, as joblib does not enforce the same security measures as skops, allowing for arbitrary code execution

```python

from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`

try: if zipfile.is_zipfile(model_path): model = load(model_path, trusted=trusted) else: model = joblib.load(model_path) ```

Hence, for example, a simple code like the following will execute arbitrary code:

```python from skops.card import Card

card = Card("model.skops") clf = card.get_model() ```

In this case, despite the name, the model.skops file is not a .zip file, and thus the joblib.load function is called, allowing for arbitrary code execution. This is also difficult to spot for the user, since the check is transparent and performed on the file's nature, not on the file extension or name.

Note: this happens despite the trusted list being passed during the Card instance creation or any other parameter.

Impact

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious model file that, when loaded using Card.get_model, executes arbitrary code on the victim's machine. The attack does not require any special privileges or additional steps from the victim; simply loading the model is sufficient to trigger the execution of the attacker's code. The attack happens silently and at loading time, making it particularly stealthy and difficult to detect. This is particularly concerning if we consider that Card.get_model and skops are often used in collaborative environments and that skops promotes a security-oriented policy.

Thank you for your attention to this matter. I hope this report helps improve the security of the Card.get_model function and the overall security posture of the skops library.

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "skops"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-08T01:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nWhen using `Card.get_model`, `skops` allows for arbitrary code execution. This is due to the fact that `Card.get_model` allows both `joblib` and `skops` to be used for loading models, and as is well known, `joblib` allows for arbitrary code execution when loading objects. I do not know if this is intended or not, but I found this really concerning for a library that is founded on security. Even if intended, I kindly ask you to consider the security implications of this, disclose the potential implications through an advisory, and change the behavior of the function in future library versions (see below for possible fixes).\n\n## What is the issue?\n\nThe `Card.get_model` function allows loading models using the `get_model` method. When a `.skops` model is provided, it uses the `load` function from `skops`, which is secure to our knowledge. The `Card` class also allows consistent management of the `trusted` list, allowing it to be passed during instance creation. As expected, if a `skops` model is provided without a `trusted` list, and an untrusted type is found during loading, it will raise an error. This is perfectly fine and consistent with the security principles of `skops`.\n\nThe problem arises when a file format different from a `.zip` file is provided. In this case, as shown in the code snippet below, the `joblib` library is used to load the model. This happens **silently**, without any warning or indication that the model is being loaded using `joblib`. This is a significant security risk, as `joblib` does not enforce the same security measures as `skops`, allowing for arbitrary code execution\n\n```python\n# from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`\ntry:\n    if zipfile.is_zipfile(model_path):\n        model = load(model_path, trusted=trusted)\n    else:\n        model = joblib.load(model_path)\n```\n\nHence, for example, a simple code like the following will execute arbitrary code:\n\n```python\nfrom skops.card import Card\n\ncard = Card(\"model.skops\")\nclf  = card.get_model()\n```\n\nIn this case, despite the name, the `model.skops` file is not a `.zip` file, and thus the `joblib.load` function is called, allowing for arbitrary code execution. This is also difficult to spot for the user, since the check is transparent and performed on the file\u0027s nature, not on the file extension or name.\n\n**Note**: this happens despite the `trusted` list being passed during the `Card` instance creation or any other parameter.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious model file that, when loaded using `Card.get_model`, executes arbitrary code on the victim\u0027s machine. The attack does not require any special privileges or additional steps from the victim; simply loading the model is sufficient to trigger the execution of the attacker\u0027s code. The attack happens silently and at loading time, making it particularly stealthy and difficult to detect. This is particularly concerning if we consider that `Card.get_model` and `skops` are often used in collaborative environments and that `skops` promotes a security-oriented policy.\n\nThank you for your attention to this matter. I hope this report helps improve the security of the `Card.get_model` function and the overall security posture of the `skops` library.",
  "id": "GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm",
  "modified": "2025-08-08T16:29:15Z",
  "published": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SKOPS Card.get_model happily allows arbitrary code execution"
}

fkie_cve-2025-54886

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd

Published

2025-08-08 01:15

Modified

2025-08-08 20:30

Severity ?

8.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

▶	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "skops is a Python library which helps users share and ship their scikit-learn based models. In versions 0.12.0 and below, the Card.get_model does not contain any logic to prevent arbitrary code execution. The Card.get_model function supports both joblib and skops for model loading. When loading .skops models, it uses skops\u0027 secure loading with trusted type validation, raising errors for untrusted types unless explicitly allowed. However, when non-.zip file formats are provided, the function silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike skops, joblib allows arbitrary code execution during loading, bypassing security measures and potentially enabling malicious code execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.13.0."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "skops es una librer\u00eda de Python que ayuda a los usuarios a compartir y enviar sus modelos basados en scikit-learn. En las versiones 0.12.0 y anteriores, Card.get_model no contiene ninguna l\u00f3gica que impida la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario. La funci\u00f3n Card.get_model admite tanto joblib como skops para la carga de modelos. Al cargar modelos .skops, utiliza la carga segura de skops con validaci\u00f3n de tipos confiables, lo que genera errores para tipos no confiables a menos que se permita expl\u00edcitamente. Sin embargo, cuando se proporcionan formatos de archivo distintos de .zip, la funci\u00f3n recurre silenciosamente a joblib sin previo aviso. A diferencia de skops, joblib permite la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario durante la carga, evadiendo las medidas de seguridad y potencialmente permitiendo la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo malicioso. Este problema se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 0.13.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-54886",
  "lastModified": "2025-08-08T20:30:18.180",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.4,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.5,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-08T01:15:25.120",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-502"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-54886 (GCVE-0-2025-54886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5

ghsa-378x-6p4f-8jgm

Vulnerability from github

Summary

What is the issue?

from card/_model_card.py:354-358

Impact

fkie_cve-2025-54886

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`